Friday, January 15, 2016

Artile Review - EDU 6240

Hogg, N., & Lomicky, C. S. (2012). CONNECTIVISM IN POSTSECONDARY ONLINE COURSES: An exploratory factor analysis. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 13(2), 95-114,131. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1283786998?accountid=26354




Summary/Reflection


The article presents a study in which 465 postsecondary students’ experiences with online courses and their opinions on the level of “connectivism”” present in their experiences are explored.  The article cites that as of 2011, nearly one third of all students in higher education took at least one online course.    Additionally, in 2011, 65% of all higher education institutions indicated that online learning is a key element of their long-term plans.  This study set out to measure the extent at which instructors change their approach from traditional strategies used in face-to-face instruction when transitioning into the online environment.



According to the article’s review of the literature, students and instructors alike have positive perceptions of online course effectiveness.  Additionally, students tend to respond positively to the types of technology tools available and utilized in online learning.  Furthermore, students with higher levels of interaction with their classmates in the online environment felt that more learning took place.  The literature also contends that interaction amongst peers in an online environment has benefits not seen in the traditional face-to-face setting, due to the fact that students who are shy may feel more inclined to interact.  This, in turn, will facilitate a rich and diverse dialogue involving all students, rather than just those who are the most talkative. I personally feel that many students would be more inclined to participate in an honest way from behind a computer screen rather than when physically seated amongst peers.

The article also cites a study suggesting that the quality of interaction in an online setting made a greater impact on academic performance than the quantity of interaction.  I found it interesting that this same study indicated that interaction with classmates is not as important to the participants as the interaction with their instructor.  A different study mentioned in this article also suggested that learning outcomes were positively affected by the amount of instructor participation.  These studies make a case for the importance of meaningful student-to-student interaction and committed instructor participation in order to optimize student success in the online setting.

As part of this study, a 60-question survey was administered to 465 participants.  The survey questions were framed using Downes’ properties of connectivism, which include diversity, autonomy, interactivity, and openness.  After a factor analysis of survey results was conducted, the data indicated that students identified the presence of autonomy and openness in their online course experiences.  However, the diversity component was lacking, and interactivity failed to distinguish itself as a factor.

It is not surprising to me that students view autonomy as a factor in their online learning experiences.  Students engaging in online learning are placed at the center of their own learning by the very nature of this mode of instruction.  As described by the author, openness involves the tools that eliminate the boundaries in the learning environment.  The article states that students indicated that the technology tools utilized were varied and adequate.  The article doesn’t mention the types of courses that the students selected for this study were enrolled in, but I am curious how math students would feel about the effectiveness of the technology tools utilized for online course instruction.

I wasn’t too surprised that students felt a lack of diversity in their online learning experiences, although I believe the presence of diversity in any course depends heavily on the course type.   For example, diversity would be much more prevalent in a social science course compared to a math course.  I was much more surprised that interactivity was not identified as a factor in students’ online learning experiences.  I believe that interactivity is the key to a successful online experience, both from an instructor’s and from a student’s perspective.  As stated earlier, learning outcomes and teacher-to-student interaction have been found to be positively correlated.  Additionally, students’ satisfaction in the online setting seems to depend on timely and quality interaction with other students and, more importantly, with the instructor. 

 

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